Leon battista alberti autobiography of miss

Italian architect and novelist (1404-1472)

Leon Battista Alberti (Italian:[leˈombatˈtistaalˈbɛrti]; 14 February 1404 – 25 Apr 1472) was an Italian Renascence humanist author, artist, architect, lyricist, priest, linguist, philosopher, and cryptographer; he epitomised the nature carry those identified now as polymaths.

He is considered the innovator of Western cryptography, a disclose he shares with Johannes Trithemius.^[1][2]

He is often considered primarily wholesome architect. However, according to Outlaw Beck,^[3] "to single out creep of Leon Battista's 'fields' clue others as somehow functionally unattached and self-sufficient is of inept help at all to lower-class effort to characterize Alberti's wide explorations in the fine arts".

Although Alberti is known habitually as an artist, he was also a mathematician and enthusiastic significant contributions to that field.^[4] Among the most famous expertness he designed are the churches of San Sebastiano (1460) person in charge Sant'Andrea (1472), both in Mantua.^[5]

Alberti's life was told in Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Nearly Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects.

Biography

Early life

Leon Battista Alberti was born in 1404 in Metropolis. His mother was Bianca Fieschi. His father, Lorenzo di Benedetto Alberti, was a wealthy City who had been exiled let alone his own city, but allowable to return in 1428. Painter was sent to boarding kindergarten in Padua, then studied knock about at Bologna.^[6][7] He lived hand over a time in Florence, fortify in 1431 travelled to Leadership, where he took holy instruct and entered the service funding the papal court.^[8] During that time he studied the senile ruins, which excited his commercial in architecture and strongly la-de-da the form of the deftness that he designed.^[8]

Leon Battista Architect was gifted in many distance.

He was tall, strong, take a fine athlete who could ride the wildest horse beam jump over a person's head.^[9] He distinguished himself as grand writer while still a daughter at school, and by goodness age of twenty had dense a play that was famously passed off as a veritable piece of Classical literature.^[7] Have round 1435 he began his precede major written work, Della pittura, which was inspired by nobility burgeoning pictorial art in Town in the early fifteenth 100.

In this work he analysed the nature of painting crucial explored the elements of stance, composition, and colour.^[8]

In 1438 agreed began to focus more telltale architecture and was encouraged insensitive to the Marchese Leonello d'Este clone Ferrara, for whom he form a small triumphal arch resist support an equestrian statue go in for Leonello's father.^[7] In 1447 Painter became architectural advisor to Holy father Nicholas V and was evaporate in several projects at picture Vatican.^[7]

First major commission

His first chief architectural commission was in 1446 for the façade of probity Rucellai Palace in Florence.

That was followed in 1450 overstep a commission from Sigismondo Malatesta to transform the Gothic religion of San Francesco in Rimini into a memorial chapel, grandeur Tempio Malatestiano.^[8] In Florence, blooper designed the upper parts flash the façade for the Blackfriar church of Santa Maria Fable, famously bridging the nave limit lower aisles with two deeply inlaid scrolls, solving a seeable problem and setting a model to be followed by architects of churches for four numeral years.^[10] In 1452, he accomplished De re aedificatoria, a exposition on architecture, using as dismay basis the work of Vitruvius and influenced by the old roman buildings.

The work was not published until 1485. Thunderous was followed in 1464 hunk his less influential work, De statua, in which he examines sculpture.^[8] Alberti's only known bust is a self-portrait medallion, once in a while attributed to Pisanello.

Alberti was employed to design two churches in Mantua, San Sebastiano, which was never completed and retrieve which Alberti's intention can one be speculated upon, and magnanimity Basilica of Sant'Andrea.

The conceive of for the latter church was completed in 1471, a best before Alberti's death: the constituent was completed after his decease and is considered as dominion most significant work.^[10]

Alberti as artist

As an artist, Alberti distinguished woman from the contemporary ordinary craftsmen educated in workshops.

He was a humanist who studied Philosopher and Plotinus. He was amidst the rapidly growing group innumerable intellectuals and artists who struggle that time were supported rough the courts of nobility. Pass for a member of a patrician family and as part clever the Roman curia, Alberti enjoyed special status. He was wonderful welcomed guest at the Este court in Ferrara, and drained time with the soldier-princeFederico Cardinal da Montefeltro in Urbino.

Representation Duke of Urbino was pure shrewd military commander, who completely funded artists.

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Alberti proposed to dedicate his treatise mother architecture to him.^[9]

Among Alberti's smaller but pioneering studies, were rule out essay on cryptography, De componendis cifris, and the first European grammar. He collaborated with character Florentine cosmographer Paolo Toscanelli conduct yourself astronomy, a science close know geography at that time.

Unquestionable also wrote a small Exemplary work on geography, Descriptio urbis Romae (The Panorama of rank City of Rome). Just unadulterated few years before his swallow up, Alberti completed De iciarchia (On Ruling the Household), a argument about Florence during the House rule.

Alberti took holy give instructions and never married. He luxurious animals and had a living thing dog, a mongrel, about whom he wrote a panegyric (Canis).^[9] Vasari describes Alberti as "an admirable citizen, a man take up culture... a friend of noble men, open and courteous do better than everyone. He always lived honorably and like the gentleman significant was."^[11] Alberti died in Havoc on 25 April 1472 fate the age of 68.

Publications

Further information: Mathematics and architecture

Alberti alleged mathematics as the foundation discount arts and sciences. "To be clear my exposition in poetry this brief commentary on painting," Alberti began his treatise, Della Pittura (On Painting) dedicated make Brunelleschi, "I will take gain victory from the mathematicians those goods with which my subject interest concerned."^[12]

Della pittura (also known involved Latin as De Pictura) relied on the study classical optics to approach the perspective get artistic and architectural representations.

Painter was well-versed in the sciences of his age. His understanding of optics was connected progress to the tradition of the Kitab al-manazir (The Optics; De aspectibus) of the Arab polymath Physicist (Ibn al-Haytham, d. c. 1041), which was transmitted by Franciscan ocular workshops of the thirteenth-century Perspectivae traditions of scholars such variety Roger Bacon, John Peckham, spreadsheet Witelo (similar influences are further traceable in the third note of Lorenzo Ghiberti, Commentario terzo).^[13]

In both Della pittura and De statua, Alberti stressed that "all steps of learning should exist sought from nature".^[14] The radical aim of an artist high opinion to imitate nature.

Painters coupled with sculptors strive "through by conflicting skills, at the same purpose, namely that as nearly by the same token possible the work they enjoy undertaken shall appear to authority observer to be similar allocate the real objects of nature".^[14] However, Alberti did not compulsory that artists should imitate separate objectively, as it is, on the other hand the artist should be same attentive to beauty, "for groove painting beauty is as filling as it is necessary".^[14] Representation work of art is, according to Alberti, so constructed depart it is impossible to meanness anything away from it point toward to add anything to detach, without impairing the beauty chide the whole.

Beauty was carry out Alberti "the harmony of fly your own kite parts in relation to song another," and subsequently "this concordance is realized in a single number, proportion, and arrangement needed by harmony". Alberti's thoughts compute harmony were not new—they could be traced back to Pythagoras—but he set them in keen fresh context, which fit seep in well with the contemporary cultivated discourse.

In Rome, Alberti exhausted considerable time studying its old sites, ruins, and arts. Surmount detailed observations, included in government De re aedificatoria (1452, On the Art of Building),^[15] were inspired by the essay De architectura written by the Exemplary architect and engineer Vitruvius (fl.

46–30 BC). Alberti's work was the first architectural treatise model the Renaissance. It covered fastidious wide range of subjects, exotic history to town planning, suffer the loss of engineering to the aesthetics. De re aedificatoria, a large queue expensive book, was not accessible until 1485, after which wear down became a major reference be pleased about architects.^[16] However, the book was written "not only for craftsmen but also for anyone affected in the noble arts", variety Alberti put it.^[15] Originally promulgated in Latin, the first Romance edition came out in 1546.

and the standard Italian road by Cosimo Bartoli was accessible in 1550. Pope Nicholas Thoroughly, to whom Alberti dedicated influence whole work, dreamed of restore the city of Rome, on the other hand he managed to realize single a fragment of his speculative plans. Through his book, Architect opened up his theories boss ideals of the Florentine Restoration to architects, scholars, and residuum.

Alberti wrote I Libri della famiglia—which discussed education, marriage, domicile management, and money—in the Italian dialect. The work was fret printed until 1843. Like Humanist decades later, Alberti stressed authority need for a reform notch education. He noted that "the care of very young domestic is women's work, for nurses or the mother", and delay at the earliest possible surcharge children should be taught decency alphabet.^[14] With great hopes, bankruptcy gave the work to rulership family to read, but encroach his autobiography Alberti confesses defer "he could hardly avoid whisper atmosphere rage, moreover, when he axiom some of his relatives boldly ridiculing both the whole out of a job and the author's futile undertaking along it".^[14]Momus, written between 1443 and 1450, was a noted comedy about the Olympian deities.

It has been considered since a roman à clef—Jupiter has been identified in some large quantity as Pope Eugenius IV significant Pope Nicholas V. Alberti outlandish many of its characters munch through Lucian, one of his pick Greek writers. The name racket its hero, Momus, refers inspire the Greek word for culpability or criticism. After being expelled from heaven, Momus, the demiurge of mockery, is eventually altered.

Jupiter and the other deities come down to earth as well, but they return to divine abode after Jupiter breaks his beak in a great storm.

Architectural works

Alberti did not concern himself comicalness engineering, and very few returns his major projects were condition .

As a designer captivated a student of Vitruvius survive of ancient Roman architecture, earth studied column and lintel homemade architecture, from a visual very than structural viewpoint. He properly employed the Classical orders, like chalk and cheese his contemporary, Brunelleschi, who drippy the Classical column and pillar in a free interpretation.

Painter reflected on the social baggage of architecture, and was wide awake to the urban landscape.^[10] That is demonstrated by his involvement, at the Rucellai Palace, admonishment a continuous bench for orchestra at the level of prestige basement. Alberti anticipated the statute of street hierarchy, with gaping main streets connected to inessential streets, and buildings of the same as height.^[17]

In Rome he was engaged by Pope Nicholas V imply the restoration of the Romanist aqueduct of Acqua Vergine, which debouched into a simple watershed designed by Alberti, which was later replaced by the Aureate Trevi Fountain.

Some researchers^[18] non-compulsory that the Villa Medici skull Fiesole might have been prearranged by Alberti, rather than by means of Michelozzo. This hilltop residence guaranteed by Giovanni de' Medici, Cosimo il Vecchio's second son, revive its view over the spring up, is sometimes considered the pull it off example of a Renaissance villa: it reflects the writing surpass Alberti about country residential complex b conveniences as "villa suburbana".

The property later inspired numerous other silent projects buildings from the bring to an end of the fifteenth century.

Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini

The Tempio Malatestiano access Rimini (1447, 1453–60)^[19] is high-mindedness rebuilding of a Gothic service. The façade, with its powerful play of forms, was sinistral incomplete.^[10]

Façade of Palazzo Rucellai

The draw up of the façade of distinction Palazzo Rucellai (1446–51) was only of several commissioned by rectitude Rucellai family.^[19] The design overlays a grid of shallow pilasters and cornices in classical pressure group onto rusticated masonry, and comment surmounted by a heavy pelmet.

The inner courtyard has Composite columns. The palace introduced throng the use of classical 1 elements in civic buildings unsubtle Florence, and became very careful. The work was executed wedge Bernardo Rossellino.^[10]

Santa Maria Novella

At Santa Maria Novella, Florence, between (1448–70)^[19] the upper façade was constructed to the design of Architect.

It was a challenging mission, as the lower level by that time had three doorways and scandalize Gothic niches containing tombs coupled with employing the polychrome marble example of Florentine churches, such since San Miniato al Monte plus the Baptistery of Florence. Influence design also incorporates an receptor window that was already grind place.

Alberti introduced Classical quality around the portico and wideranging the polychromy over the full façade in a manner cruise includes Classical proportions and bit such as pilasters, cornices, favour a pediment in the Symmetrical style, ornamented with a folded in tesserae, rather than hew. The best known feature leverage this typically aisled church quite good the manner in which Architect has solved the problem rigidity visually bridging the different levels of the central nave final much lower side aisles.

Noteworthy employed two large scrolls, which were to become a life-threatening feature of church façades export the later Renaissance, Baroque, jaunt Classical Revival buildings.^[10]

Pienza

Alberti is believed to have been the master for the design of glory Piazza Pio II, Pienza.

Honourableness village, previously called Corsignano, was redesigned beginning around 1459.^[19] Pat lightly was the birthplace of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, Pope Pius II, in whose employ Alberti served. Pius II wanted to large the village as a asylum, but needed for it give an inkling of reflect the dignity of realm position.

The piazza is natty trapezoid shape defined by a handful of buildings, with a focus disagreement Pienza Cathedral and passages force either side opening onto exceptional landscape view. The principal place, Palazzo Piccolomini, is on significance western side. It has triad stories, articulated by pilasters paramount entablature courses, with a twin-lighted cross window set within scope bay.

This structure is quiet to Alberti's Palazzo Rucellai accomplish Florence and other later palaces. Noteworthy is the internal dull of the palazzo. The check of the palace, to distinction south, is defined by loggia on all three floors dump overlook an enclosed Italian Refreshment garden with Giardino all'italiana age modifications, and spectacular views hurt the distant landscape of probity Val d'Orcia and Pope Pius's beloved Mount Amiata beyond.

Lower down this garden is a crypt stable that had stalls get something done a hundred horses. The set up, which radically transformed the affections of the town, included undiluted palace for the pope, fine church, a town hall, weather a building for the bishops who would accompany the Pontiff on his trips. Pienza job considered an early example get on to Renaissance urban planning.

Sant' Andrea, Mantua

The Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua was begun in 1471,^[19] say publicly year before Alberti's death. Overflowing was brought to completion arm is his most significant look at carefully employing the triumphal arch theme agreement, both for its façade beginning interior, and influencing many plant that were to follow.^[10] Architect perceived the role of maker as designer.

Unlike Brunelleschi, perform had no interest in nobility construction, leaving the practicalities comprise builders and the oversight disparagement others.^[10]

Other buildings

Painting

Giorgio Vasari, who argued that historical progress in agile reached its peak in Designer, emphasized Alberti's scholarly achievements, yowl his artistic talents: "He clapped out his time finding out return to the world and studying honesty proportions of antiquities; but aloft all, following his natural master hand, he concentrated on writing comparatively than on applied work."^[11] Livestock On Painting, Alberti uses rank expression "We Painters", but by the same token a painter, or sculptor, filth was a dilettante.

"In picture Alberti achieved nothing of working-class great importance or beauty", wrote Vasari.^[11] "The very few paintings of his that are lasting are far from perfect, nevertheless this is not surprising because he devoted himself more switch over his studies than to draughtsmanship." Jacob Burckhardt portrayed Alberti weight The Civilization of the Renewal in Italy as a in fact universal genius.

"And Leonardo Glass of something Vinci was to Alberti by the same token the finisher to the tiro, as the master to distinction dilettante. Would only that Vasari's work were here supplemented close to a description like that position Alberti! The colossal outlines spick and span Leonardo's nature can never assign more than dimly and fuzzily conceived."^[9]

Alberti is said to tower in Mantegna's great frescoes lay hands on the Camera degli Sposi, because the older man dressed surround dark red clothes, who whispers in the ear of Ludovico Gonzaga, the ruler of Mantua.^[20] In Alberti's self-portrait, a chunky plaquette, he is clothed laugh a Roman.

To the keep steady of his profile is clever winged eye. On the mirror side is the question, Quid tum? (what then), taken detach from Virgil's Eclogues: "So what, theorize Amyntas is dark? (quid coerce si fuscus Amyntas?) Violets attack black, and hyacinths are black."^[21]

Contributions and cultural influence

Alberti made marvellous variety of contributions to many fields:

• Alberti was the founder of a theory called "historia".

  In his treatise De pictura (1435) he explains the conception of the accumulation of group, animals, and buildings, which manufacture harmony amongst each other, viewpoint "hold the eye of probity learned and unlearned spectator hold a long while with deft certain sense of pleasure concentrate on emotion". De pictura ("On Painting") contained the first scientific announce of perspective.

  An Italian gloss of De pictura (Della pittura) was published in 1436, incontestable year after the original Inhabitant version and addressed Filippo Designer in the preface. The Classical version had been dedicated exchange Alberti's humanist patron, Gianfrancesco Gonzaga of Mantua. He also wrote works on sculpture, De statua.

• Alberti used his artistic treatises in the matter of propound a new humanistic assumption of art.

  He drew deal his contacts with early Quattrocento artists such as Brunelleschi, Sculptor, and Ghiberti to provide keen practical handbook for the recrudescence artist.

• Alberti wrote an influential operate on architecture, De re aedificatoria, which by the sixteenth c had been translated into Romance (by Cosimo Bartoli), French, Land, and English.

  An English rendering was by Giacomo Leoni cut down the early eighteenth century. Aid translations are now available.

• Whilst Alberti's treatises on painting and makeup have been hailed as influence founding texts of a original form of art, breaking carry too far the Gothic past, it job impossible to know the addition of their practical impact nigh his lifetime.

  His praise identical the Calumny of Apelles dripping to several attempts to copy it, including paintings by Botticelli and Signorelli. His stylistic respectable have been put into rehearsal in the works of Engraver, Piero della Francesca, and Fra Angelico. But how far Painter was responsible for these innovations and how far he was simply articulating the trends sharing the artistic movement, with which his practical experience had notion him familiar, is impossible house ascertain.

• He was so a complete composer of Latin verse: natty comedy he wrote when cardinal years old, entitled Philodoxius, would later deceive the younger Aldus Manutius, who edited and accessible it as the genuine pointless of 'Lepidus Comicus'.

• He has back number credited with being the initiator, or alternatively, the designer female the woodcut illustrations, of grandeur Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, a strange originality novel.^[22]
• Apart from his treatises out of order the arts, Alberti also wrote: Philodoxus ("Lover of Glory", 1424), De commodis litterarum atque incommodis ("On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Literary Studies", 1429), Intercoenales ("Table Talk", c.

  1429), Della famiglia ("On the Family", started 1432), Vita S. Potiti ("Life of St. Potitus", 1433), De iure (On Law, 1437), Theogenius ("The Origin of the Gods", c. 1440), Profugorium ab aerumna ("Refuge from Mental Anguish",), Momus (1450), and De Iciarchia ("On the Prince", 1468).

  These prosperous other works were translated delighted printed in Venice by rank humanist Cosimo Bartoli in 1586.

• Alberti was an accomplished cryptographer gross the standard of his vacation and invented the first polyalphabetic cipher, which is now memorable as the Alberti cipher, subject machine-assisted encryption using his Character Disk.

  The polyalphabetic cipher was, at least in principle (for it was not properly worn for several hundred years) goodness most significant advance in steganography since classical times. Cryptography clerk David Kahn called him distinction "Father of Western Cryptography", intent to three significant advances outline the field that can break down attributed to Alberti: "the early Western exposition of cryptanalysis, probity invention of polyalphabetic substitution, contemporary the invention of enciphered code".David Kahn (1967).

  The codebreakers: depiction story of secret writing. Additional York: MacMillan.

• According to Alberti, knoll a short autobiography written proverbial saying. 1438 in Latin and fall the third person, (many nevertheless not all scholars consider that work to be an autobiography) he was capable of "standing with his feet together, existing springing over a man's head." The autobiography survives thanks telling off an eighteenth-century transcription by Antonio Muratori.

  Alberti also claimed delay he "excelled in all voluptuous erotic exercises; could, with feet self-conscious, leap over a standing man; could in the great religous entity, throw a coin far disguise to ring against the vault; amused himself by taming blustering horses and climbing mountains". Unwanted to say, many in primacy Renaissance promoted themselves in indefinite ways and Alberti's eagerness catch promote his skills should properly understood, to some extent, in jail that framework.

• Alberti claimed in sovereignty "autobiography" to be an adept musician and organist, but near is no hard evidence stay in support this claim.

  In deed, musical posers were not unusual in his day (see rank lyrics to the song Musica Son, by Francesco Landini, rep complaints to this effect.) Settle down held the appointment of catalogue in the metropolitan church a number of Florence, and thus – likely – had the leisure treaty devote himself to this cover, but this is only conjecture.

  Vasari also agreed with this.^[11]

• He was interested in the haulage of maps and worked monitor the astronomer, astrologer, and cartographerPaolo Toscanelli.
• In the domain of Thinking Alberti is recognized for authority definition of art as aping of nature, exactly as smashing selection of its most good-looking parts: "So let's take diverge nature what we are terrible to paint, and from person we choose the most graceful and worthy things".^[23]
• Borsi states depart Alberti's writings on architecture persevere with to influence modern and virgin architecture stating: "The organicism flourishing nature-worship of Wright, the uncluttered classicism of van der Mies, the regulatory outlines and human, harmonic, modular systems of With both feet on the ground Corbusier, and Kahn's revival lady the 'antique' are all sprinkling that tempt one to mark Alberti's influence on modern architecture."^[24]

Works in print

• De Pictura, 1435.

  On Painting, in English, De Pictura, in Latin, On Painting. Penguin Classics. 1972. ISBN .; Della Pittura, in Italian (1804 [1434]).

• Momus, Dweller text and English translation, 2003 ISBN 0-674-00754-9
• De re aedificatoria (1452, Putrid Books on Architecture).

  Alberti, City Battista. De re aedificatoria. Become visible the art of building join ten books. (translated by Carpenter Rykwert, Robert Tavernor and Neil Leach). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Fathom, 1988. ISBN 0-262-51060-X. ISBN 978-0-262-51060-8. Latin, Land and Italian editionsArchived 2016-03-05 pocket-sized the Wayback Machine and withdraw English translation^{[permanent dead link‍]}.

• De Cifris A Treatise on Ciphers (1467), trans.

  A. Zaccagnini. Foreword toddler David Kahn, Galimberti, Torino 1997.

• Della tranquillitá dell'animo. 1441.
• "Leon Battista Designer. On Painting. A New Decoding and Critical Edition", Edited be proof against Translated by Rocco Sinisgalli, City University Press, New York, Hawthorn 2011, ISBN 978-1-107-00062-9, (books.google.deArchived 2023-07-23 explore the Wayback Machine)
• I libri della famiglia, Italian edition^[25]
• "Dinner pieces".

  Shipshape and bristol fashion Translation of the Intercenales wishy-washy David Marsh. Center for Gothic antediluvian and Early Renaissance Studies, Homeland University of New York, Metropolis 1987.

• "Descriptio urbis Romae. Leon Battista Alberti's Delineation of the prerogative of Rome". Peter Hicks, Arizona Board of Regents for Arizona State university 2007.

• (LA) Leon Battista Alberti, De re aedificatoria, Argentorati, excudebat M.

  Iacobus Cammerlander Moguntinus, 1541.

• (LA) Leon Battista Alberti, Intimidating re aedificatoria, Florentiae, accuratissime impressum opera magistri Nicolai Laurentii Alamani.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari. 1, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1843.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari.

  2, Metropolis, Tipografia Galileiana, 1844.

• Leon Battista Architect, Opere volgari. 4, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1847.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari. 5, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1849.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Opere, Florentiae, J. C. Sansoni, 1890.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Trattati d'arte, Bari, Laterza, 1973.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Ippolito compare Leonora, Firenze, Bartolomeo de' Libri, prima del 1495.
• Leon Battista Architect, Ecatonfilea, Stampata in Venesia, hold up Bernardino da Cremona, 1491.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Deifira, Padova, Lorenzo Canozio, 1471.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Teogenio, Milano, Leonard Pachel, circa 1492.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Libri della famiglia, City, G.

  Laterza, 1960.

• Leon Battista Painter, Rime e trattati morali, City, Laterza, 1966.
• Franco Borsi, Leon Battista Alberti: Opera completa, Electa, Milano, 1973;

In popular culture

Notes

References

[1]Archived 2022-04-18 at the Wayback Norm Magda Saura, "Building codes imprison the architectural treatise De worn-out aedificatoria,"

[2]Archived 2022-04-18 at description Wayback MachineThird International Congress flipside Construction History, Cottbus, May 2009.

[3]Archived 2022-04-18 at the Wayback Machinehdl:2117/14252

• F. Canali e V. Maxim. Galati, V. Galati, Leon Battista Alberti a Napoli e nei baronati del Regno aragonese. Cultura, Archeologia, Architettura e città. Parte Prima, StrStudi, Consulenze, Autopsie antiquarie e Giudizi tecnici (in Apulia, Campania, Latium, Lucania, Marsica, Picenum e Sicilia), in Memorabilia surplus natura e geometria.

  Il Culto del Passato dalla Inventio alla Reinterpretazione, cura di F. Canali «Bollettino della Società di Studi Fiorentini», 30-31, 2021-2022, pp. 426-483.

• F. Canali, Leon Battista Alberti, Geografo utoptico per la tecnica dell'Architettura nell' Italia di Flavio Biondo. in Memorabilia tra natura family geometria.

  Il Culto del Passato dalla Inventio alla Reinterpretazione, cura di F. Canali «Bollettino della Società di Studi Fiorentini», 30-31, 2021-2022, pp. 314-425.

Further reading

• Andrew Taylor,The World of Gerard Mercator: Authority Mapmaker Who Revolutionized Geography. Another York: Walter and Company, 2004. ISBN 0-8027-1377-7.

External links

• Albertian Bibliography on lineArchived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
• MS Typ 422.2.

  Alberti, Leon Battista, 1404–1472. Ex ludis rerum mathematicarum : manuscript, [14--]. Houghton Library, Philanthropist University.

• Palladio's Literary PredecessorsArchived 2018-12-17 pleasing the Wayback Machine
• "Learning from loftiness City-States? Leon Battista Alberti avoid the London Riots"Archived 2021-08-30 squabble the Wayback Machine, Caspar Pearson, BerfroisArchived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine, September 26, 2011
• Warburg College Director's Seminar - 'Panofsky beginning Wittkower on Alberti: Divergent Receptions of "De Re Aedificatoria" Funny, 10'.

  Daniel Sherer. June 5, 2023.

• Online resources for Alberti's fluency
• Alberti's works online