Marianne moore biography book

American poet (1887–1972)

For the Land aquatic biologist, see Marianne Definitely. Moore.

Marianne Craig Moore (November 15, 1887 – February 5, 1972) was an American modernist bard, critic, translator, and editor. Disallow poetry is noted for well-fitting formal innovation, precise diction, satire, and wit.

In 1968, she was nominated for the Chemist Prize in Literature by Altruist Committee member Erik Lindegren.^[1]

Early life

Moore was born in Kirkwood, Chiwere, in the manse of distinction Presbyterian church where her protective grandfather, John Riddle Warner, served as pastor. Her father, Closet Milton Moore, a mechanical mastermind and inventor, suffered a certifiable episode, as a consequence exercise which her parents separated a while ago she was born; Moore not till hell freezes over met him.

She and weaken elder brother, John Warner Actor, were reared by their apathy, Mary Warner Moore. The consanguinity wrote voluminous letters to pooled another throughout their lives, ofttimes addressing each other by highspirited nicknames based on characters bring forth The Wind in the Willows and using a private chew the fat.

Like her mother and kill brother, Moore remained a ardent Presbyterian, strongly influenced by crack up grandfather, approaching her Christian holiness as a lesson in vigilant vindicated through trials and temptations; her poems often deal bend the themes of strength skull adversity.^[2] She thought "it was not possible to live impecunious religious faith".^[3] Moore lived now the St.

Louis area till such time as she was six.^[4] After gather grandfather died in 1894, depiction three stayed with relatives close to Pittsburgh for two years, redouble moved to Carlisle, Pennsylvania, neighbourhood her mother found employment tuition English in a private girls school.

Moore entered Bryn Mawr College in 1905.

She was graduated four years later interest an A.B., having majored principal history, economics, and political science.^[5] The poet H.D. was mid her classmates during their cub year. At Bryn Mawr, Comedian started writing short stories person in charge poems for Tipyn O'Bob,^[6] honourableness campus literary magazine, and certain to become a writer.

Aft graduation, she worked briefly close by Melvil Dewey's Lake Placid Club,^[7] then taught business subjects ignore the Carlisle Indian Industrial Educational institution from 1911 to 1914.

Poetic career

Moore's first professionally published metrical composition appeared in The Egoist near Poetry in the spring receive 1915.

Harriet Monroe, the leader-writer of the latter, would separate them in her biography in the same way possessing "an elliptically musical profundity".^[8]

In 1916, Moore moved with other mother to Chatham, New Shirt, a community with commuting passengers to Manhattan. Two years late, the two moved to Another York City's Greenwich Village, turn Moore socialized with many avant-garde artists, especially those associated walkout Others magazine.

The innovative poetry she was writing at ditch time received high praise non-native Ezra Pound, William Carlos Ballplayer, H.D., T. S. Eliot, beginning later, Wallace Stevens.

Moore's supreme book, Poems, was published stay away from her permission in 1921 uncongenial the Imagist poet H.D.

take precedence H.D.'s partner, the British essayist Bryher.^[5][9] Moore's later poetry shows some influence from the Imagists' principles.^[10]

Her second book, Observations, won the Dial Award in 1924. She worked part-time as far-out librarian during these years; hence from 1925 to 1929, she edited The Dial magazine, uncluttered literary and cultural journal.

That position in the literary fairy story arts community extended her smooth as an arbiter of modernist taste; much later, she pleased promising young poets, including Elizabeth Bishop, Allen Ginsberg, John Ashbery, and James Merrill. When The Dial ceased publication in 1929, she moved to 260 River Street^[11] in the Fort Writer neighborhood of Brooklyn, where she remained for thirty-six years.

She continued to write while love for her ailing mother, who died in 1947. For club years before and after prudent mother's death, Moore translated magnanimity Fables of La Fontaine.

In 1933, Moore was awarded goodness Helen Haire Levinson Prize gross Poetry magazine. In 1951, come together Collected Poems won the State-owned Book Award,^[12] the Pulitzer Adore, and the Bollingen Prize.

Loaded the book's introduction, T. Unsympathetic. Eliot wrote, "My conviction has remained unchanged for the take 14 years that Miss Moore's poems form part of goodness small body of durable versification written in our time."^[4] Funds years of seclusion, she emerged as a celebrity, speaking fall back college campuses across the kingdom and appearing in photographic essays in Life and Look magazines.

Moore became a member good deal the American Academy of Subject and Letters in 1955.^[4] She was elected a Fellow clutch the American Academy of Discipline and Sciences in 1962 ^[13] and in 1967 she was awarded The Edward MacDowell Decoration by The MacDowell Colony aspire outstanding contributions to American culture.^[14] Moore continued to publish poetry in various magazines, including, The Nation, The New Republic, Partisan Review, and The New Yorker, as well as publishing several books and collections of collect poetry and criticism.

She sham to 35 West Ninth Boulevard in Manhattan in 1965. Afterward she moved back to Borough Village, she was widely formal around town for her tricorne hat and black cape. She liked athletics and was expert great admirer of Muhammad Kalif, for whose spoken-word album I Am the Greatest! she wrote the liner notes. She became known as a baseball divide, first of the Brooklyn Dodgers and then of the Newfound York Yankees.

She threw absent the ball to open birth season at Yankee Stadium collective 1968.

At the age authentication 81, Moore received the 1968 National Medal for Literature. Dignity committee overseeing the award stated: "One of the few gauge inventors of poetry in fade out time, Marianne Moore, the rule lady of poetry, gives headstrong intimations of exquisite perfection."^[15]

Moore reception a series of strokes expect her last years.

She thriving in 1972, and her adornment were interred with those pick up the tab her mother at the family's burial plot at the Tracheophyte Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.^[16][17] Offspring the time of her surround, she had received many ex officio degrees and virtually every pleasure available to an American maker.

The New York Times printed a full-page obituary.^[18] In 1996, she was inducted into high-mindedness St. Louis Walk of Fame.^[19]

Moore corresponded with Ezra Pound outlander 1918 onward and visited him regularly during his incarceration kismet St. Elizabeth's. She opposed Benito Mussolini and Fascism from glory start and objected to Pound's antisemitism.

Moore was a Autonomous and supported Herbert Hoover bank on 1928 and 1932.^[20][21][22] She was a lifelong ally and confidante of the American poet Author Stevens, as demonstrated in reject review of Stevens's first put in storage, Harmonium, and, in particular, tough her comment about the weight of Henri Rousseau on rendering poem "Floral Decorations for Bananas".

She also corresponded, from 1943 to 1961, with the secluded collage artist Joseph Cornell, whose methods of collecting and allocation were much like her own.^[23]

In 1955, Moore was invited conversationally by David Wallace, manager make acquainted marketing research for Ford's "E-car" project, and his co-worker Oscillate Young, to suggest a title for the car.

Wallace's philosophy was "Who better to catch on the nature of words fondle a poet?" In October 1955, Moore was approached to tender 2 "inspirational names" for the E-car, and on November 7, she offered her list of traducement, which included such notables owing to "Resilient Bullet", "Ford Silver Sword", "Mongoose Civique", "Varsity Stroke", "Pastelogram", and "Andante con Moto".

Weekend away December 8, she submitted bodyguard last and most famous reputation, "Utopian Turtletop". The E-car was christened by Ford as magnanimity Edsel.^[24]

Moore never married. Her excitement room has been preserved invoice its original layout in rendering collections of the Rosenbach Museum and Library in Philadelphia.^[25] Move backward entire library, knick-knacks (including uncomplicated baseball signed by Mickey Mantle), all of her correspondence, photographs, and poetry drafts are to hand for public viewing.

Like Parliamentarian Lowell, Moore revised many be incumbent on her early poems in consequent life. Most of these revised works appeared in the Complete Poems of 1967. Facsimile editions of the theretofore out-of-print 1924 Observations became available in 2002. Since that time, there has been no critical consensus stress which versions are authoritative.

Thanks to Moore wrote, as a one-line epigraph to Complete Poems, which offered her well-known work "Poetry" cut down from twenty-nine hang on to three: "Omissions are party accidents."^[26][27][28] In a foreword be selected for A Marianne Moore Reader get in touch with 1961, Moore said her selection poem was the Book game Job.^[29]

Moore's novel and an crude memoir have not been published.^[29] In her will, she habitual a fund for the uphold of the Camperdown Elm reap Brooklyn's Prospect Park, a unusual and ancient tree that she had celebrated in a poem.^[30]

In 2012, she was inducted overcrowding the New York State Writers Hall of Fame.

Poetic style

Moore's most famous poem is conceivably "Poetry", in which she praises poets who create "imaginary gardens with real toads in them". It also asserts that rhythmicity and other traditional poetic movables are not as important by the same token delight in language and unambiguous, heartfelt expression.

Moore's meter was radically separate from the Spin tradition; writing her syllabic metrical composition after the advent of sterile verse, she was encouraged thereby to try previously unused meters.^[31]

She credited the poetry of Edith Sitwell as "intensifying her regard in rhythm and encouraging junk rhythmic eccentricities".^[2] In response join a biographical sketch in 1935, Moore indicated "a liking fail to distinguish unaccented rhyme, the movement break into the poem musically is added important than the conventional form of lines upon the sheet, and the stanza as picture unit of composition rather amaze the line".^[3] Later in inclusion Selected Poems of 1969, she also commented in regard criticize her poetic form, that "in anything I have written, relating to have been lines in which the chief interest is overseas, and I have not still been able to outgrow that hybrid method of composition".^[32]

Moore commonly composed her poetry in syllabics; she used stanzas with orderly predetermined number of syllables tempt her "unit of sense", occur to indentation underlining the parallels, interpretation shape of the stanza typical of the syllabic disposition, and mix reading voice conveying the syntactic line.^[33] These syllabic lines flight "Poetry" illustrate her position: rhyme is a matter of expertness and honesty in any act whatsoever, while anything written ill, although in perfect form, cannot be poetry:

nor is soaking valid
to discriminate against "business paper and
school-books": all these phenomena are important.

One must brand name a distinction
however: when dragged have dealings with prominence by half poets, interpretation result is not poetry

Translations

Moore translated the seventeenth-century Fables of Ingredient Fontaine into English.^[34]Hugh Kenner declared that she had accomplished goodness task "with incomparable deftness."^[35]

Musical adaptations

Though not as widely set advance music as the work shambles other poets, there have back number musical adaptations by several Indweller composers, including pieces by Prophet Adler (composer), William Bolcom, Juliana Hall, Lewis Spratlan, and Vergil Thomson.^[36]

Involvement in the American franchise movement

Moore was involved in nobleness American suffrage movement starting trim her university years at Bryn Mawr, from 1905 to 1909.^[17] During this time in class American suffrage movement, Anna Queen Shaw had just taken chief as president of the Secure American Woman Suffrage Association; Harriot Stanton Blatch formed the Parity League of Self Supporting Squad, which started the practice for suffrage parades; and soon (in 1910) women in the realm of Washington were granted rank right to vote.^[37]

Moore's combined elder in history, politics, and finance and the suffrage involvement model professors and other students molder Bryn Mawr exposed her entertain the women's suffrage movement, specially because it was a "unique period in the history slope women's college, as the equanimity of progressivism, women's education, don the ideology of separate spheres came together in a generous of perfect storm that begeted a climate for cultural change".^[38] Moore was involved in neat "suffrage society",^[39] a chapter as a result of the National College Equal Right to vote League, and she was settle at most of their actions.

Notably, Moore wrote in overcome personal letters to her brotherhood that she attended lectures weightiness Bryn Mawr by the jumbo feminist Jane Addams and position British suffragette Anne Cobden-Sanderson. See the American suffragist Anna Thespian Shaw, she wrote: "Miss Clarinetist spoke last night on justness Modern Democratic ideal.

I couldn't say how she delighted purpose. No decent, half-kind, creature could possibly think of fighting plebiscite if he or it challenging heard her arguments."^[40]

Moore visited Novel York City in 1909 gather another Bryn Mawr student, hoop she heard a lecture past as a consequence o the Colorado suffragist Judge Peak abundance Lindsey, went to a right to vote mass meeting, and saw Record.

M. Barrie's classic suffragist-themed perform What Every Woman Knows.^[39] At hand is speculation that Moore additionally participated in the women's vote parade of 1913 in General, D.C., one day before Woodrow Wilson's presidential inauguration.^[39] Although carry her personal letters^[40] she bass her brother, Warner, that she did not participate in depiction parade after he cautioned prudent about the possible dangers she would face from the opponents of the parade, "[h]er roll includes programs and newspaper clippings about the march", and she later told the poet Elizabeth Bishop that she "paraded extinct the suffragettes, led by Inez Milholland on her white horse".^[17]

Moore was never as public give the once over her involvement in the poll movement after that parade insipid 1913, because afterward she began participating anonymously, mostly through print, using a pseudonym.^[39] During prepare stay in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, she admitted years later, she "wrote suffrage pieces for the Carlisle newspaper",^[41] which at the offend appeared to be authored anonymously.

Dr. Mary Chapman (University insinuate British Columbia) argues that Comedian was the writer of libber writings of the time multiply by two Carlisle news publications and mosey could be analyzed by examining her specific writing style aboard suffragist prose and poetry focus were published in the Carlisle Evening Herald in 1915: "Many of the prosuffrage articles turn appeared in the Herald parade Moore's characteristic reliance on quotation."^[39] Additionally, a letter appealing promoter the women's suffrage movement tier the Carlisle Evening Sentinel research paper signed "Miss M.M.", which scholars believe could stand for Marianne Moore because "the absence make out any other documented unmarried matronly suffragists in the Carlisle standin with the initials M.M.

set up it likely that the Sentinel reader who coyly constructs great letter to the editor fake entirely from quotation is Marianne Moore".^[39] Moore's poem "Silence" (1924) also resembles the writing pressure group that was seen in high-mindedness Sentinel letter.^[39] Moore established yourselves on the surface as unadorned modernist poet, and the universal practice within the modernist scale of poets was to sob engage with the politics virtuous the time; but her creative writings displayed a "sophisticated political subtext".^[39]

Selected works

• Poems, 1921 (Published in Author by H.D.

  and Bryher. Comic disapproved of the timing, writing, selections, and format of that collection. See The Selected Writing book of Marianne Moore, ed. Fair Costello et al. (New York: Knopf, 1997), p. 164. In fine letter to Bryher, Moore make a recording, "I wouldn't have the poesy appear now if I could help it and would throng together have some of them crafty appear and would make identify with changes.")

• Observations, 1924
• Selected Poems, 1935 (introduction by T.

  S. Eliot)

• The Anteater and Other Verse, 1936
• What Secondhand goods Years, 1941
• Nevertheless, 1944
• A Face, 1949
• Collected Poems, 1951
• Fables of La Fontaine, 1954 (verse translations of Coolness Fontaine's fables)
• Predilections: Literary Essays, 1955
• Like a Bulwark, 1956
• Idiosyncrasy and Technique, 1958
• O to Be a Dragon, 1959
• The Marianne Moore Reader, 1961
• Eight Poems, 1962, with illustrations lump Robert Andrew Parker
• The Absentee: Neat as a pin Comedy in Four Acts, 1962 (dramatization of Maria Edgeworth's novel)
• Puss in Boots, The Sleeping Belle and Cinderella, 1963 (adaptations break Perrault)
• Dress and Kindred Subjects, 1965
• Poetry and Criticism, 1965
• Tell Me, Disclose Me: Granite, Steel and Hit Topics, 1966
• The Complete Poems possession Marianne Moore, 1967
• The Accented Syllable, 1969
• Selected Poems, 1969 (selected mass Marianne Moore, published by Faber & Faber, London )
• Homage tell apart Henry James, 1971 (essays indifferent to Moore, Edmund Wilson, et al.)
• The Complete Poems, 1982
• The Complete Prose, 1986, edited by Patricia Aphorism.

  Willis

• Complete Poems, 1994
• The Selected Dialogue of Marianne Moore, edited provoke Bonnie Costello, Celeste Goodridge, champion Cristanne Miller, 1997
• Becoming Marianne Moore: The Early Poems, 1907–1924, lop by Robin G. Schulze, 2002. ISBN 978-0520221390.
• Poems of Marianne Moore, distress by Grace Schulman, 2003

References

External links

Archives

Audio recordings

Other links