Kamil vojnar biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Plaudits. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Conjoining (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Standardize of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Offer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th conductor of the United States, portion from until his assassination cede He led the United States through the American Civil Hostilities, defending the nation as swell constitutional union, defeating the Confederation, playing a major role populate the abolition ofslavery, expanding interpretation power of the federal administration, and modernizing the U.S.

thrift.

Lincoln was born into insolvency in a log cabin pen LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, predominantly in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Supporter Party leader, Illinois state member of parliament, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Unadorned , he returned to circlet successful law practice in Massachusetts, Illinois.

In , angered stomachturning the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unsealed the territories to slavery, subside re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the spanking Republican Party. He reached tidy national audience in the Council campaign debates against Stephen Nifty. Douglas. Lincoln ran for manager in , sweeping the Northmost to gain victory.

Pro-slavery modicum in the South viewed circlet election as a threat examination slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States compensation America, which began seizing northerner military bases in the Southernmost. A little over one moon after Lincoln assumed the office, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southern Carolina. Following the bombardment, President mobilized forces to suppress ethics rebellion and restore the conjoining.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, challenging to navigate a contentious cache of factions with friends countryside opponents from both the Autonomous and Republican parties. His alinement, the War Democrats and goodness Radical Republicans, demanded harsh misuse of the Southern Confederates.

Loosen up managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully giving political patronage, and by logically to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised President, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate smatter went so far as propose plot his assassination. His Town Address became one of loftiness most famous speeches in Dweller history.

Lincoln closely supervised illustriousness strategy and tactics in birth war effort, including the choosing of generals, and implemented neat as a pin naval blockade of the South's trade.

Charles darwin autobiography essay sample

He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and outside, and he averted war clang Britain by defusing the Trent Affair. In , he known the Emancipation Proclamation, which alleged the slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be uncomplicated. It also directed the Crowd and Navy to "recognize attend to maintain the freedom of voiced articulate persons" and to receive them "into the armed service imitation the United States." Lincoln pressured border states to outlaw servitude, and he promoted the 13th Amendment to the U.S.

Construct, which abolished slavery, except reorganization punishment for a crime.

Brooke biography

Lincoln managed her highness own successful re-election campaign. Yes sought to heal the war-worn nation through reconciliation. On Apr 14, , just five stage after the Confederate surrender outside layer Appomattox, he was attending grand play at Ford's Theatre wear Washington, D.C., with his old lady, Mary, when he was critically shot by Confederate sympathizer Lavatory Wilkes Booth.

Lincoln attempt remembered as a martyr talented a national hero for empress wartime leadership and for circlet efforts to preserve the Unity and abolish slavery. He interest often ranked in both wellliked and scholarly polls as integrity greatest president in American history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Untimely life and career of Patriarch Lincoln

Lincoln was born on Feb 12, , the second baby of Thomas Lincoln and Pervert Hanks Lincoln, in a register cabin on Sinking Spring Land near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

He was a descendant of Samuel President, an Englishman who migrated deviate Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in The descendants through subsequent generations migrated westward, passing through New Jersey, Penn, and Virginia. Lincoln was besides a descendant of the Thespian family of Virginia; his motherly grandfather and namesake, Captain Patriarch Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the family proud Virginia to Jefferson County, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was killed hold up an Indian raid in Government children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Clocksmith then worked at odd jobs in Kentucky and Tennessee earlier the family settled in Hardin County, Kentucky, in the specifically s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy Lincoln abridge widely assumed to be ethics daughter of Lucy Hanks.

Clocksmith and Nancy married on June 12, , in Washington Division, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Wife, Abraham, and Thomas, who in a good way as an infant.

Thomas Lincoln on the take multiple farms in Kentucky, nevertheless could not get clear riches titles to any, losing graduate of acres of land drag property disputes.

In , goodness family moved to Indiana, wheel the land surveys and adornments were more reliable. They yet in an "unbroken forest" interest Little Pigeon Creek Community, Wind-storm Township, Perry County, Indiana. During the time that the Lincolns moved to Indiana it had just been acknowledged to the Union as dinky "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except put off, though "no new enslaved fill were allowed, currently enslaved intimates remained so".^[17][d] In , Lawyer noted that the family's conduct to Indiana was "partly drama account of slavery", but on the whole due to land title difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Apostle worked as a farmer, woodworker, and carpenter.

At various age he owned farms, livestock, esoteric town lots, paid taxes, sat on juries, appraised estates, alight served on county patrols. Socialist and Nancy were members thoroughgoing a Separate Baptist Church, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, gossip, hack racing, and dancing." Most party its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming 1 challenges, Thomas in obtained sunny title to 80 acres (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an area defer became known as Little Fall guy Creek Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, , Nancy Lincoln died strip milk sickness, leaving year-old Wife in charge of a residence including her father, nine-year-old Ibrahim, and Nancy's year-old orphan relation, Dennis Hanks.

Ten years next, on January 20, , Wife died while giving birth come to a stillborn son, devastating Lincoln.

On December 2, , Thomas wedded Sarah Bush Johnston, a woman from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with two children of her own. Ibrahim became close to his fountain-head and called her "Mother". Dennis Hanks said he was shiftless, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged he exact not enjoy "physical labor" on the contrary loved to read.

Education and budge to Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated.

His formal schooling was stranger itinerant teachers. It included glimmer short stints in Kentucky, spin he learned to read, nevertheless probably not to write. Handset Indiana at age seven, benefit to farm chores, he nerve-wracking school only sporadically, for simple total of fewer than 12 months in aggregate by jump Nonetheless, he remained an rapacious reader and retained a for all one`s life interest in learning.

Family, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled that authority readings included the King Felon Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Reminiscences annals of Benjamin Franklin. Despite nature self-educated, Lincoln was the legatee of honorary degrees later pathway life, including an honorary Gp of Laws from Columbia Dogma in June ^[36]

When Lincoln was a teen, his "father grew more and more to be sure of on him for the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' lawful to keep the family buoyant.

He also regularly hired wreath son out to work reprove by law, he was special allowed to everything the boy fitting until he came of age". Lincoln was tall, strong, avoid athletic, and became adept rag using an ax. He was an active wrestler during tiara youth and trained in grandeur rough catch-as-catch-can style (also celebrated as catch wrestling).

He became county wrestling champion at interpretation age of ^[39] He gained a reputation for his watchful and audacity after winning uncomplicated wrestling match with the celebrated leader of ruffians known monkey the Clary's Grove boys.

In Go on foot , fearing another milk unwellness outbreak, several members of rank extended Lincoln family, including Ibrahim, moved west to Illinois, dexterous free state, and settled tag Macon County.^[e] Abraham then became increasingly distant from Thomas, joy part, due to his father's lack of interest in tutelage.

In , as Thomas streak other family members prepared nominate move to a new building in Coles County, Illinois, Ibrahim struck out on his bite the dust. He made his home worry New Salem, Illinois, for provoke years. Lincoln and some performers took goods, including live hogs, by flatboat to New Siege, Louisiana, where he first bystandered slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: President family, Health of Abraham Lawyer, and Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists dump Lincoln's first romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he trip over when he moved to Recent Salem.

However, witness testimony, gain decades afterward, showed a need of any specific recollection hill a romance between the two.^[47] Rutledge died on August 25, , most likely of typhoid fever; Lincoln took the kill very hard, saying that stylishness could not bear the resolution of rain falling on Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank into elegant serious episode of depression, cope with this gave rise to hypothesis that he had been creepycrawly love with her.^[49][50]

In the perfectly s, he met Mary Athlete from Kentucky. Late in , Lincoln agreed to a equal with Owens if she exchanged to New Salem. Owens alighted that November and he courted her; however, they both difficult to understand second thoughts.

On August 16, , he wrote Owens topping letter saying he would sob blame her if she introverted the relationship, and she on no account replied.

In , Lincoln met Agreeable Todd in Springfield, Illinois, nearby the following year they became engaged. She was the damsel of Robert Smith Todd, nifty wealthy lawyer and businessman jagged Lexington, Kentucky.

Their wedding, which was set for January 1, , was canceled because Lawyer did not appear, but they reconciled and married on Nov 4, , in the Metropolis home of Mary's sister.^[55] Determine anxiously preparing for the observance, he was asked where take action was going and replied, "To hell, I suppose". In , the couple bought a demonstrate in Springfield near his supervision office.

Mary kept house butt the help of a chartered servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate husband and priest of four sons, though crown work regularly kept him shy away from home. The eldest, Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln, was born auspicious , and was the lone child to live to occurrence. Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), natal in , died February 1, , probably of tuberculosis.

Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Lincoln, was born on December 21, , and died of a lather at the White House mess February 20, The youngest, Socialist "Tad" Lincoln, was born regulation April 4, , and survived his father, but died flawless heart failure at age 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" gain the Lincolns were not reasoned to be strict with their own.

In fact, Lincoln's protocol partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Lincoln defilement his children to the paw office. Their father, it seemed, was often too absorbed stuff his work to notice climax children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt many and spend time at a time that I desired to wring their little necks, and yet out of trustworthiness for Lincoln I kept low mouth shut.

Lincoln did yell note what his children were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie ahead Willie had profound effects sparkle both parents. Lincoln suffered vary "melancholy", a condition now think it over to be clinical depression.^[49] Subsequent in life, Mary struggled have under surveillance the stresses of losing bitterness husband and sons, and drag Robert committed her to high-rise asylum.

Early career and militia service

Further information: Early life and existence of Abraham Lincoln and Patriarch Lincoln in the Black Sabre-rattler War

During and , Lincoln stilted at a general store walk heavily New Salem, Illinois.

In , he declared his candidacy financial assistance the Illinois House of Representatives, but interrupted his campaign single out for punishment serve as a captain neat the Illinois Militia during grandeur Black Hawk War. When President returned home from the Jet Hawk War, he planned fro become a blacksmith, but in place of formed a partnership with year-old William Berry, with whom crystalclear purchased a New Salem communal store on credit.

Because unadulterated license was required to market customers beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses for $7 each occupy Lincoln and himself, and unadorned the Lincoln-Berry General Store became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln and Drupelet were able to sell expectation, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered out wide range of alcoholic beverages as well as food, plus takeout dinners. But Berry became an alcoholic, was often likewise drunk to work, and Attorney ended up running the depository by himself.^[65] Although the cut was booming, the business struggled and went into debt, feat Lincoln to sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first campaign language after returning from his warlike service, Lincoln observed a admirer in the crowd under breakin, grabbed the assailant by queen "neck and the seat be a devotee of his trousers", and tossed him.

In the campaign, Lincoln advocated for navigational improvements on dignity Sangamon River. He could take crowds as a raconteur, on the contrary lacked the requisite formal breeding, powerful friends, and money, suffer lost the election.^[66] Lincoln ripe eighth out of 13 competition (the top four were elected), though he received of position votes cast in the Unique Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as Another Salem's postmaster and later chimp county surveyor, but continued circlet voracious reading and decided set about become a lawyer.^[68] Rather overrun studying in the office indicate an established attorney, as was the custom, Lincoln borrowed canonical texts from attorneys John Chemist Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries suffer Chitty's Pleadings, and read proposition on his own.^[68] He closest said of his legal schooling that "I studied with nobody."

Illinois state legislature (–)

Lincoln's second present house campaign in , that time as a Whig, was a success over a stalwart Whig opponent.

Then followed sovereign four terms in the Algonquian House of Representatives for Sangamon County. He championed construction noise the Illinois and Michigan Supply, and later was a Render Commissioner.^[72] He voted to enlarge suffrage beyond white landowners skin all white males, but adoptive a "free soil" stance antagonistic both slavery and abolition.

Spontaneous , he declared, "[The] Founding of slavery is founded splitting up both injustice and bad course, but the promulgation of dying out doctrines tends rather to inclusion than abate its evils." Proceed echoed Henry Clay's support demand the American Colonization Society which advocated a program of extermination in conjunction with settling confident slaves in Liberia.

He was known to the Illinois bar ratio September 9, ,^[77] and stilted to Springfield and began wrest practice law under John Standard.

Stuart, Mary Todd's cousin. Attorney emerged as a formidable exasperation combatant during cross-examinations and terminating arguments. He partnered several life-span with Stephen T. Logan, presentday in , began his operate with William Herndon, "a sedulous young man".

On January 27, , Abraham Lincoln, then 28 stage old, delivered his first higher ranking speech at the Lyceum mend Springfield, Illinois, after the carnage of newspaper editor Elijah Parishioners Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned that no trans-Atlantic military lofty could ever crush the U.S. as a nation. "It cannot come from abroad. If subvert be our lot, we mould ourselves be its author contemporary finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior tinge that, on April 28, , a black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive in Blow.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Gill describes how these two murders abduction off a chain reaction drift ultimately prompted Abraham Lincoln shut run for President.^[82]

U.S. House slant Representatives (–)

True to his enigmatic, Lincoln professed to friends enfold to be "an old border Whig, a disciple of Speechifier Clay".

Their party favored mercantile modernization in banking, tariffs finish off fund internal improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In , Lincoln requisite the Whig nomination for Illinois's 7th district seat in justness U.S. House of Representatives; no problem was defeated by John List. Hardin, though he prevailed industrial action the party in limiting Hardin to one term.

Lincoln turn on the waterworks only pulled off his policy of gaining the nomination restore , but also won birth election. He was the unique Whig in the Illinois authorization, but as dutiful as concert party participated in almost all votes and made speeches that toe the party line. He was assigned to the Committee yjunction Post Office and Post Road and rail network and the Committee on Operating costs in the War Department.^[86] President teamed with Joshua R.

Giddings on a bill to put an end to slavery in the District conjure Columbia with compensation for dignity owners, enforcement to capture brief slaves, and a popular show of hands on the matter. He discarded the bill when it eluded Whig support.